Progression to clinical type 1 diabetes is monitored through the appearance of islet autoantibodies against pancreatic β-cell antigens, and most children with two or more autoantibodies progress to disease (1). However, autoantibodies indicate already active islet autoimmunity, and by that time, loss of immune tolerance may have reached a point of no return. Thus, there is an urgent need for biomarkers that would predict the disease before the appearance of islet autoantibodies and provide a longer window for intervention. New biomarkers might help identify optimal sets of subjects for clinical trials or a subgroup of patients who may be more likely to benefit from a given therapy.
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