Optimizing Patient Outcomes in Pregnancy: What Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics Should We Be Aiming For?

As self-monitoring of blood glucose revolutionized diabetes care in the 1980s, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is transforming management today. The use of CGM has improved glycemic control (1) and quality of life for many patients and their families (2). Increasing data also show the usefulness of CGM during pregnancy. The use of masked, retrospective, intermittent use of CGM was first shown to be beneficial during pregnancy in a U.K. randomized trial showing an improvement in HbA1c at 32–36 weeks’ gestation and a reduction in macrosomia in the intervention group (3). Further benefit was shown with real-time CGM in the Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Women With Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial (CONCEPTT), a randomized trial of real-time CGM versus standard care with self-monitoring of blood glucose in women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy. In this trial, the use of CGM was associated with improvement in glycemic parameters and reduction in adverse neonatal outcomes (4). Participants in the CGM arm spent 68% of time in the pregnancy target range of 63–140 mg/dL at 34 weeks’ gestation, compared with 61% in the control group. CGM use was associated with a reduction in large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants, neonatal hypoglycemia, and neonatal intensive care >24 h.

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