OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the association of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at baseline with subsequent progression of albuminuria in individuals with type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of 6,618 Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio of <300 mg/g, comprising 2,459 women and 4,159 men with a mean (± SD) age of 60 ± 12 years. The exposure was baseline estimated GFR (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73 m2), treated as a categorical variable and classified into five categories: ≥90, 75–90, 60–75, 45–60, and <45, as well as a continuous variable. The outcome was progression of albuminuria category (i.e., from normoalbuminuria to micro- or macroalbuminuria or from micro- to macroalbuminuria). Hazard ratios (HRs) for the outcome were estimated using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. In the analysis treating baseline eGFR as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline model was used.RESULTS
During the median follow-up period of 6.3 years, 1,190 individuals reached the outcome. When those with a baseline eGFR of 75–90 mL/min/1.73 m2 were considered the reference group, HRs (95% CIs) for the outcome in those with a baseline eGFR of ≥90, 60–75, 45–60, or <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 were 1.38 (1.14–1.66), 1.34 (1.14–1.58), 1.81 (1.50–2.20), or 2.37 (1.84–3.05), respectively. Furthermore, the inverse J-shaped curve was more clearly shown by the spline model.CONCLUSIONS
This study of Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes suggests that both high and low GFRs are implicated in the pathogenesis of albuminuria progression.
